The final votes of the 2020 primaries were cast Aug. 11, concluding a primary season marred by confusion, lawsuits, and an investigation by a United States Postal Service inspector general.
Threats of fraud, foreign interference, and large-scale voter disenfranchisement have brought the Postal Service’s ability to transport the expected surge of mail-in ballots this November into focus. The Postal Service, though, has stood by its ability to handle the increased load.
“The Postal Service is committed to delivering Election Mail in a timely manner. We employ a robust and proven process to ensure proper handling of all Election Mail, including ballots,” the Postal Service told The Daily Caller News Foundation in an email.
“This includes close coordination and partnerships with election officials at the local and state levels.”
However, recent primary elections across the country, which were upended by the coronavirus pandemic and in turn had to rely on mail-in voting systems, have been a cause for concern.
The World Health Organization designated the coronavirus a pandemic March 11, the heart of the primary season, and days later President Donald Trump declared a national emergency as the virus spread rapidly around the world.
Wisconsin’s two senators, Republican Ron Johnson and Democrat Tammy Baldwin, wrote to the USPS inspector general in April requesting an investigation into their state’s April 7 primary. They did so after tubs of absentee ballots weren’t delivered to voters and hundreds of ballots arrived to election officials missing postmarks.
Problems Uncovered
Inspector General Tammy Whitcomb discovered what she called “issues related to the timeliness of ballots being mailed to voters, correcting misdelivery of ballots, an inability to track ballots, and inconsistent postmarking of ballots.”
In addition, primaries in California, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, and the District of Columbia faced significant problems.
In California, for example, election officials tossed 100,000 mail-in ballots, NBC News reported. The biggest issue was ballots arriving late to election officials.
Pennsylvania’s mail-in system prevented tens of thousands of people from voting in the state’s June primaries, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported. Like California, the problem was late ballot delivery.
“The big story out of Pennsylvania is really voter confusion,” said Suzanne Almeida, interim director of Common Cause Pennsylvania, according to Reuters.
A federal judge in New York ruled Aug. 3 that more than 1,000 ballots cast in the state’s June primary, which either were not postmarked or late, must be counted.
But the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in April that absentee ballots in Wisconsin must be received or postmarked by Election Day to be counted, SCOTUSblog reported.
“I believe every ballot should be received in the mail by Election Day in order to count and any ballot received after Election Day should be disregarded to eliminate ‘ballot harvesting’ and any other methods of potential fraud,” Rep. James Comer, R-Ky., ranking member of the House Oversight and Reform Committee, told The Daily Caller News Foundation. His committee oversees the USPS.
Flaws in Policy
Many states have changed their voting policies for November’s general election to allow more Americans to vote by mail, according to Vote.org. A record 76% of Americans will be able to vote by mail in the general election, The New York Times reported.
Thirty-eight percent of Americans would prefer to vote by mail compared to 59% who would prefer to vote in person, according to an ABC News/Washington Post poll in July.
“There’s no such thing as a perfect election,” Amber McReynolds, CEO of the National Vote at Home Institute, told The Daily Caller News Foundation. “There are issues that come up every election cycle.”
McReynold said:
We have seen issues and, frankly, those issues that we’ve seen have arisen from what I believe are policy flaws. So, for instance, the delays in New York, delays in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and a few other places are really because they don’t allow election officials to process ballots in advance.
Processing ballots is the system in which local election officials receive ballots, verify the voter’s information, and organize the ballots for counting, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
Several states—including swing states Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania—don’t allow processing until Election Day.
“The risk for mistakes is less with vote by mail because everything is processed internally as opposed to at a bunch of different polling locations where poll workers don’t follow procedures like they are supposed to,” McReynolds said.
McReynolds said the USPS, which handles 500 million pieces of mail daily, has proven more than capable of handling and delivering ballots. She said the potential for miscommunication between election officials and the Postal Service is more worrisome.
What Experience Shows
“The problem with all-mail voting is that votes cast through the mail are subject to being stolen, altered, and forged, and are dependent on the Postal Service delivering them in time and to the correct address,” said Hans von Spakovsky, manager of The Heritage Foundation’s Election Law Reform Initiative, in an email to The Daily Caller News Foundation.
“Experience shows that often does not happen,” von Spakovsky said of such on-time and accurate delivery, adding:
There is no reason we can’t vote in person safely—the same way all of us are currently going to our grocery stores, pharmacies, and retail establishments like Walmart and Target.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released guidance in June outlining how election officials can safely conduct in-person voting.
Five states—Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, Utah, and Washington—successfully implemented universal mail-in voting before the pandemic, according to The New York Times.
“We’ve seen no evidence of anything untoward with mail-in ballots,” Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, a Republican, said in July, The Salt Lake Tribune reported. “We think, in fact, it’s been a blessing to a lot of people to be able to get the ballot, review the ballot, study the issues and candidates and make an informed decision.”
Trump has strongly opposed mail-in voting, saying that the election will be more susceptible to fraud. He even floated the idea of delaying the election, but later said he didn’t want to do so.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi on Aug. 13 called Trump’s position a “contradiction,” NBC News reported.
Postmaster General’s Changes
Additionally, Senate Democratic leaders sounded the alarm over a series of recent internal USPS policy changes.
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer of New York and fellow Senate Democrats Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota, Gary Peters of Michigan, and Tom Carper of Delaware wrote an Aug. 12 letter to the Postal Service calling the reported changes “disturbing.”
The USPS sent a memo, a copy of which was obtained by The Daily Caller News Foundation, to managers across the country in July laying out the new policies. Those policies included cutting back on overtime and ending the practice of postal workers’ returning to the post office during their shift to grab more mail to deliver.
“One aspect of these changes that may be difficult for employees is that—temporarily—we may see mail left behind or mail on the workroom floor or docks,” the memo said.
In May, the USPS Board of Governors unanimously selected Louis DeJoy, a former logistics company executive, to be postmaster general. In a statement to The New York Times, DeJoy said the changes outlined in the memo were intended to “improve operational efficiency.”
The USPS lost $69 billion between 2007 and 2018, according to a Government Accountability Office report that called the Postal Service’s financial position “unsustainable.”
“Under normal circumstances, delayed mail is a major problem—during a pandemic in the middle of a presidential election, it is catastrophic,” Schumer, Klobuchar, Peters, and Carper said.
Rep. Bill Pascrell Jr., D-N.J., said the new policies implemented by DeJoy were an “attack on American democracy,” according to The Washington Post.
“It’s important that we cut through what is potentially a partisan fight versus more operational,” McReynolds said, adding:
The idea that the postmaster general could somehow make changes that only impact one segment of the population is just not possible based on how their operation works. If there is a negative impact to the post office, it impacts voters of all political persuasions and political stripes regardless.
>>> Update: Postmaster General Louis DeJoy said Tuesday that he is suspending changes at the Postal Service until after the election, to “avoid even the appearance of any impact on election mail.”
Timely, Cost-Effective
Mark Dimondstein, president of the American Postal Workers Union, told The Daily Caller News Foundation that the new policies were “arbitrarily done.”
“The postmaster general is treating it like the United States Postal Business not the United States Postal Service,” Dimondstein said.
“Mail is backing up. You never delay mail,” he added, referring to the USPS mission statement.
Overtime is required to deliver mail in a timely, efficient manner because of how the service already is understaffed, Dimondstein said.
However, a USPS spokesman said there never was an “edict” to eliminate overtime, according to Government Executive.
“We are making these changes methodically and in ways designed to ensure the timely and cost-effective delivery of America’s mail, including election mail,” spokesman Roy Betts said.
Dimondstein blamed the 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, which requires the USPS to pre-fund future retiree health benefits, for the Postal Service’s financial troubles. He also urged Congress to include funding for the Postal Service in the next coronavirus relief bill.
Trump has opposed inserting funding for the USPS in a relief package because it would enable universal mail-in voting, as he said in a Fox Business interview Aug. 13.
The USPS told The Daily Caller News Foundation it is developing a plan alongside local election officials and secretaries of state nationwide that “ensures efficient and cost-effective processing and delivery.”
“If they expect Congress to help them financially, then they should exhibit confidence that they can perform this basic task,” Comer, the Kentucky lawmaker, said.
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