Bruce Ohr, the Department of Justice official who brought opposition research on Donald Trump to the FBI in 2016, did not disclose that the company that produced it at the Democratic National Committee’s behest was paying his wife, documents obtained by The Daily Caller News Foundation show.
Ohr also did not obtain a conflict of interest waiver from his superiors at the Justice Department, according to the documents.
The omission may explain why Ohr was demoted from his post as associate deputy attorney general after the relationship between the company, Fusion GPS, and his wife emerged and after Fusion GPS founder Glenn Simpson acknowledged meeting with Ohr.
A court conviction for willfully falsifying government ethics forms can carry a penalty of jail time.
The Democratic National Committee hired Fusion GPS to gather and disseminate damning information about Trump, who faced former first lady and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as Democrats’ nominee in the 2016 election.
In turn, the company paid Nellie Ohr, a former CIA employee with expertise in Russia, for an unknown role related to the “dossier” on the Republican nominee.
Bruce Ohr then brought the information to the FBI, kicking off a probe and a media firestorm.
Justice Department and FBI officials used the dossier to obtain a warrant to wiretap a Trump adviser, but didn’t disclose to the judge that the Democratic National Committee and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s campaign had funded the research.
Nor did they disclose that Ohr had a financial relationship with the company that performed it—which could be, it turns out, because Ohr doesn’t appear to have told his supervisors at Justice. Some have suggested that payments motivated Ohr to actively push the case.
For 2014 and 2015, Ohr disclosed on ethics forms that his wife was an “independent contractor” earning consulting fees. In 2016, she added a new employer who paid her a salary, but listed it vaguely as “cyberthreat analyst,” and did not specify the name of the company.
The instructions tell Justice officials: “Provide the name of your spouse’s employer. In addition, if your spouse’s employer is a privately held business, provide the employer’s line of business.”
As examples, it gives “Xylophone Technologies Corporation” and “DSLK Financial Techniques, Inc. (financial services).” The dollar amount does not need to be disclosed.
“Report each source, whether a natural person or an organization or entity, that provided your spouse more than $1,000 of earned income during the reporting period,” the instructions say.
One Justice Department document says:
Financial disclosure reports are used to identify potential or actual conflicts of interest. If the person charged with reviewing an employee’s report finds a conflict, he should impose a remedy immediately.
Employees should always seek the advice of an ethics official when contemplating any action that may be covered by the rules.
Paul Kamenar, a Washington, D.C., public policy lawyer experienced in executive branch ethics and disclosure laws, said of Bruce Ohr: “Based on my reading of the regulations and disclosure guide accompanying the form, he failed to disclose the source of his wife’s income on line 4 by not including the ‘name of the employer.’”
Kamenar added:
The law provides that whoever ‘knowingly and willfully’ fails to file information required to be filed on this report faces civil penalties up to $50,000 and possible criminal penalties up to one year in prison under the disclosure law and possibly up to five years in prison under 18 USC 1001. Since [Ohr] lists her income type as ‘salary’ as opposed to line 1 where he describes her other income as ‘consulting fees’ as an ‘independent contractor,’ it’s clear that she was employed by a company that should have been identified by name.
And even with respect to her ‘independent contractor’ listing, it appears incomplete by not describing what kind of services were provided. Both these omissions do not give the reviewing official sufficient information to determine whether there is a conflict.
Bruce Ohr’s financial disclosure of his wife’s income. (Screenshot: The Daily Caller News Foundation)
Ohr also did not get a conflict of interest waiver from his supervisors, suggesting that he may not have explained to anyone the true source of the income and how it intersected with his official involvement in the case, nor did he have approval.
If an employee’s potential conflict is disclosed and explained to supervisors, a government agency may grant a conflict of interest waiver, known as a 208(b) waiver. In response to a records request regarding Ohr, officials said: “There are no … waivers for this filer.”
“He couldn’t get a waiver for that,” Scott Amey, general counsel of the Project on Government Oversight, said. “That would have required outright recusal.”
Ohr’s pressing of the Trump case appears to be something he decided to do on his own, rather than something assigned to him.
Ohr was demoted from his position at DOJ shortly after the founder of Fusion GPS acknowledged in a Nov. 14, 2017, interview with the House intelligence committee that he had met with Ohr.
Fox News reported in December that Ohr had concealed his meetings with the company from his supervisors.
The ethics form states: “[F]alsification of information required to be filed by section 102 of the [Ethics in Government Act of 1978] may also subject you to criminal prosecution” as well as “civil monetary penalty” and “disciplinary action by your employing agency.”
The lack of disclosure is the latest of several examples of apparent concealment of the financial relationship that Fusion GPS, which was funded by the DNC, had with Ohr and his family.
In his interview with the House panel in November, Fusion GPS founder Simpson omitted his relationship with Nellie Ohr, painting Bruce Ohr as someone with whom he was connected independently.
“You’ve never heard from anyone in the U.S. government in relation to those matters, either the FBI or the Department of Justice?” an investigator asked.
Simpson: “I was asked to provide some information … by a prosecutor named Bruce Ohr.”
Investigator: “Did Mr. Ohr reach out to you?”
Simpson: “It was someone that [former British intelligence officer] Chris Steele knows … and I met Bruce too through organized crime conferences or something like that. … Chris told me that he had been talking to Bruce … and that Bruce wanted more information, and [he] suggested that I speak with Bruce.”
Simpson also said his firm was not affiliated with any Russian speakers, although Nellie Ohr appears to speak the language.
In addition to meeting with Simpson, Bruce Ohr also met with Steele, who put together the dossier on Trump, before the election.
In an earlier Aug. 22, 2017, interview with the Senate Judiciary Committee, Simpson didn’t mention either of the Ohrs by name. He said he had not met with any FBI officials about the matter, without noting his contact with the Justice Department official.
Simpson suggested in court records on Dec. 12, 2017, that the only way government investigators could have found out about Nellie Ohr’s relationship with the company was through its bank records.
“Bank records reflect that Fusion contracted with Nellie Ohr, a former government official expert in Russian matters, to help our company with its research and analysis of Mr. Trump,” Simpson said. “I am not aware of any other sources from which the committee or the media could have learned of this information.”
Tom Fitton, president of Judicial Watch, a conservative legal group that has been critical of the Justice Department’s handling of the Trump investigation, said: “This document ought to trigger an immediate criminal investigation if one isn’t already ongoing.”
Kathleen Clark, an ethics expert and law professor at Washington University in St. Louis, said that as far as the legal definition of conflict of interest requiring Ohr’s recusal, it could depend on whether his actions would have had a “direct and predictable” effect on his wife’s income from Fusion GPS.
Kamenar said what is known as the frequently used “catch-all” provision clearly applies.
“Circumstances … would cause a reasonable person with knowledge of the facts to question an employee’s impartiality,” he said.
Amey said: “As a lawyer and a top Justice official, Ohr should know that he can’t participate in anything related to his wife’s work. … Ohr should have been upfront about his wife’s employment and not touched anything related to Steele, the dossier, and Fusion GPS.”
The DOJ’s judgment is only as good as the information volunteered by Ohr, Amey said, and because Ohr didn’t list the name of his wife’s employer, officials likely had no reason to suspect that employment might have affected his work.
Walter Shaub, a former government ethics czar who is an expert on the forms, resigned after offering sharp criticisms of Trump. He declined repeated requests to weigh in on Ohr, however.
Ohr did not return a request for comment, nor did the Justice Department, in time for publication.
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